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As for now, the choice is mainly between windows-1251 and
iso-8859-5. Windows-1251 provides compatibility with M$
Windows and it is is by far the most popular charset for
nearly all slavic languages. On the other side, iso-8859-5 is
better supported and easier to set up.
The present HOWTO will explain the use of both charsets in
parallel. Unless otherwise stated in the text, Belarusian
support package from
the bellinux page
contains all the files mentioned in the present HOWTO.
Windows-1251 support in the kernel is needed to visualize MS
Windows filenames in cyrillic while the console and X Window
system are localized in windows-1251. As latest FAT file
systems store filenames in Unicode, we have to define the
output charset of the Virtual File System layer and install
the support for windows-1251 in the kernel.
There is a patch for 2.2.14 kernels that is included in the
Belarusian support package. To apply the patch,
cd /path_to_your_kernel_source_tree
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patch -p0 < patch_for_the_kernel.patch
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Recompile and reinstall the kernel modules.
Refer to
Kernel-HOWTO
for the details.
Add
codepage=866,iocharset=microsoft-cp1251
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to your mount options in order to get the filenames in
windows-1251.
To test the setup, execute
mount /dev/hda -t vfat -o codepage=866,iocharset=iso8859-5 /mnt/hda
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as root. Of course, you should replace /dev/hda by the
name of your vfat partitions containing names in
cyrillic.
There is built-in support for iso-8859-5 in Linux kernel.
To enable iso-8859-5, make sure you compile this module
in the nls section of the kernel setup. Normally, iso-8859-5
is compiled by default and can be loaded either automatically
or by issuing
as root.
Add
codepage=866,iocharset=iso8859-5
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to your mount options in order to get the filenames in
iso-8859-5.
Belarusian locale is available in glibc 2.2 and later.
If you do not have the belarusian locale installed in
your system, you can compile it yourself. The source is
available at
the bellinux page.
Issue
localedef -f CP1251 -i be_BY be_BY.CP1251
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or
localedef -f ISO-8899-5 -i be_BY be_BY.ISO-8899-5
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to compile the locale in windows-1251 encoding or iso8859-5 encoding.
Check how it works by setting the locale
set LANG=be_BY.CP1251; export LANG
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or
set LANG=be_BY.ISO-8859-5; export LANG
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and running a locale-aware program like
date
or
cal.
Some cyrillic console fonts are in fact russian fonts and
lack many cyrillic characters. Fortunately, UniCyr fonts by
Vadinm Zhitnikov have all the glyphs from cp866, cp1251,
iso8859-5 and all printable symbols from koi8-r. Besides
the belarusian keyboard maps which you can find at the
the bellinux page
, other files are fairly standard and are available in most
linux distributions. To set up window-1251 in console,
There are two ways to set up Belarusian with iso-8859-5
This method has one serious drawback - you will loose all
pseudographic characters and, say, you Midnight Commander
will look somewhat naked. The second method described below
preserves all pseudographic characters:
Beware that different Linux distributions have different
console-related packages -
console-tools or
kbd. Abovementioned scripts are meant
to work with console-tools which is by
far more popular.
This is is quite easy to set up.
Install ISO-8859-5 fonts for X Window and make sure they are
before other fonts in the fontpath. Refer to
Font-HOWTO
for details on how to install fonts.
Get the belarusian keyboard layout by from the
the bellinux page
and put it on the place of any other keyborad layout in
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/, e.g.
instead of the belgian keyboard layout
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/be
Put the following stings in your
/etc/X11/XF86COnfig:
XkbModel "microsoft"
XkbLayout "be"
XkbOptions "grp:caps_toggle"
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Don't forget to set up the system locale to
be_BY.ISO8859-5 as described in Section 2.4.
You will also want to make sure that iso-8859-5 fonts
are before any other fonts in your font path.
This works only with XFree 4.0.2 and higher.
Install ISO-8859-5 fonts for X Window and make sure they
are before other fonts in the fontpath.
Get the belarusian keyboard layout by from the
the bellinux page
and put it on the place of any other keyborad layout in
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/, e.g.
instead of the belgian keyboard layout
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/be
Put the following strings in your
/etc/X11/XF86Config:
XkbModel "microsoft"
XkbLayout "be"
XkbOptions "grp:caps_toggle"
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Don't forget to set up the system locale to be_BY.CP1251
as described in Section 2.4.
To use windows-1251 with XFree 3.3.5 and 4.0, you have to
apply a patch from Aleksey Novodvorsky that allows the use
of windows-1251 with XKB. The original location is at
ftp.logic.ru/pub/logic/linux/be-locale
and it is also available from
the bellinux page.
Lucky users of Linux-Mandrake RE get a patched XFree86 out
of box.
Belarusian keyboard layout is palnned for all XFree releases
after 4.0.2. To make it work, you will have to add the
following lines
into /etc/X11/XF86Config:
XkbModel "microsoft"
XkbLayout "by"
XkbOptions "grp:caps_toggle"
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Uncomment
line in your /etc/X11/XF86COnfig.
Install windows-1251 fonts for X Windows and
make sure thay are before other fonts in the path.
Make and install xruskb package which can be
downloaded from
http://bellinux.sourceforge.net
Replace .xmm files in your xruskb directory by those
found at
the bellinux page.
Add the following lines in your .Xdefaults file
xrus*modeButton1.labelString: BEL xrus*modeButton1.label: BEL
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Run
or
to start keyboard switcher.
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